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vision2.md
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@@ -119,7 +119,7 @@ Other visual functional organization that is present at birth includes maps of o
<div style="font-size:0.8em;">
<div></div>
* There is an overlap in visual fields, such that most objects are seen by both eyes
* There is an overlap in visual fields, such that objects in the central visual field are seen by both eyes
* Objects in the left visual field are seen by the nasal retina of the left eye and the temporal retina of the right eye
* Objects on extreme periphery are seen only by the nasal retina on that side
* Nasal retinal derived axons cross the midline at the optic chiasm (contra lateral) and temporal retinal axons do not cross at the chiasm (ipsilateral)
@@ -194,6 +194,14 @@ Note:
## Laminar organization of the LGN
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* Each LGN layer is eye-specific
* The projections from the retinal ganglion cells maintain the field of view as it was seen - this is called a retinotopic map. The LGN contains 6 layers of cell bodies; each layer receives input from only one eye. The two most ventral layers receive M (magno) ganglion cell inputs, while the other 4 receive P (parvo) inputs
</div>
<div><figcaption class="big">Human LGN</figcaption><img src="figs/2240_cell-lgn_copy_622ee10.jpg" height="200px"><figcaption>[Brain Biodiversity Bank MSU, NSF](https://msu.edu/~brains/brains/human/coronal/montage.html)</figcaption></div>
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@@ -208,19 +216,11 @@ Neurons in different layers receive info from different types of RGCs.
Note:
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## Laminar organization of the LGN: segregation of optic tract inputs
* Each LGN layer is eye-specific
* The projections from the retinal ganglion cells maintain the field of view as it was seen - this is called a retinotopic map. The LGN contains 6 layers of cell bodies; each layer receives input from only one eye. The two most ventral layers receive M (magno) ganglion cell inputs, while the other 4 receive P (parvo) inputs
<!-- <div><img src="figs/lgn_a1d8674.jpg" height="100px"><figcaption></figcaption></div> -->
Note:
parvocellular retinal ganglion cells : small dendritic trees, small receptive fields, used for high acuity form vision, color vision
what is parvo and magnocellular? Different subtypes of RGCs that we’ll cover more in just a minute…
magnocellular retinal ganglion cells : large dendritic trees, larger receptive fields, used for motion vision
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@@ -509,9 +509,7 @@ Torsten N. Wiesel
Note:
---
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## Parallel processing in the visual system
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@@ -527,11 +525,6 @@ Note:
</div>
Note:
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## Magno-, parvo-, and konio-cellular streams of information in the visual system
<div><figcaption class="big">RGC subtypes</figcaption><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-12.15-1R-1_copy_3c257ad.jpg" width="300px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 12.15</figcaption></div>
@@ -544,9 +537,7 @@ with RGC subtypes in V1
</figcaption><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-12.15-2R-3_copy_7585551.jpg" height="400px">
<figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 12.15</figcaption>
</div>
Note:
-->
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@@ -563,40 +554,6 @@ Note:
Note:
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## Subdivisions of the extrastriate cortex in the macaque monkey
<div style="width:300px;"><figcaption class="big"></figcaption><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-12.16-1R_49121a2.jpg" height="400px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 12.16, Maunsell & Newsome 1987</figcaption></div>
<div><figcaption class="big"></figcaption><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-12.16-2R_5cfffb3.jpg" height="400px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 12.16, Felleman & Van Essen 1991</figcaption></div>
Note:
* extrastriate areas V2, V3, V4, MT
*
V2
: orientation, spatial frequency, and color like V1
: secondary visual cortex
: feedforward connections from V1 (direct and via the pulvinar)
: feedback to V1
: sends connections to V3, V4, and V5
: binocular disparity
: illusion contours
: some attentional modulation
V3
: global motion
MT
: middle temporal area
: neurons responding selectively to direction of moving edge, but don't care about color
V4
: neurons that selectively respond to color, but don't care about direction of its movement
---
## Organization of the dorsal and ventral visual pathways
@@ -617,6 +574,39 @@ V4
Note:
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## Subdivisions of the extrastriate cortex in the macaque monkey
<div style="width:300px;"><figcaption class="big"></figcaption><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-12.16-1R_49121a2.jpg" height="400px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 12.16, Maunsell & Newsome 1987</figcaption></div>
<div><figcaption class="big"></figcaption><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-12.16-2R_5cfffb3.jpg" height="400px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 12.16, Felleman & Van Essen 1991</figcaption></div>
Note:
* extrastriate areas V2, V3, V4, MT
V2
: orientation, spatial frequency, and color like V1
: secondary visual cortex
: feedforward connections from V1 (direct and via the pulvinar)
: feedback to V1
: sends connections to V3, V4, and V5
: binocular disparity
: illusion contours
: some attentional modulation
V3
: global motion
MT
: middle temporal area
: neurons responding selectively to direction of moving edge, but don't care about color
V4
: neurons that selectively respond to color, but don't care about direction of its movement
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@@ -661,7 +651,7 @@ prosopagnosia: face blindness. Our patient Dr. P from earlier?
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## Weird visual defects
## Defects due visual cortex damage
* Cerebral achromatopsia
* Do not see in color- only black and white. Lesions in extrastriate cortex areas such as V4/ventral stream